IVORY VIKINGS

Back in 1831 a collection of 92 chessmen was discovered on the Isle of Lewis in the Hebrides. Carved from ivory taken from walrus tusks, each piece was individual and idiosyncratic, with differing faces, expressions, clothing, and weaponry. Debate over the Lewis chessmen's creator(s) and place(s) of origin began shortly after their discovery and has carried on without end. In this well written and fascinating volume Nancy Marie Brown tells us what is known or surmised about the chessmen, and in so doing she has revealed the complex civilization centered around the North Atlantic Ocean from which they came.In the 10th and 11th centuries the North Atlantic bustled with an active sea-going society. The Northmen or Vikings carried on trade between Scandinavia, Russia, Ireland, Britain, Iceland, and Greenland. Gifted craftsmen created beautiful art work out of stone, wood, and ivory, which was obtained from the large walrus herds to be found in Iceland and Greenland. Kings jostled for power while missionaries carried Christianity throughout the region, leading to the erection of beautifully constructed and decorated churches and cathedrals. It was in this setting that the Lewis chessmen were most likely carved. Debate is ongoing over their place of origin, with strong arguments being made for Norway, but the weight of the evidence seems to point towards Iceland, where there were many talented ivory carvers, including a remarkable artist called Margret the Adroit. The surviving art known to have been produced by her bears strong resemblances to the Lewis chessmen,and it is to her that Brown looks for the most likely creator of the pieces.Brown structured her book by focussing on the principle chess pieces. Chapter One, titled The Rooks, looks to the origins of the game of chess and to the development of the trade in and art of walrus tusk ivory. The second chapter is on The Bishops and covers the spread of Christianity to Iceland and Greenland. In those early days bishops often held temporal powers as rulers in place of kings, maintaining law and order over a society dominated by warring chieftains. Eventually religious and political power separated, but the bishops still held sway over much of the territory throught their great wealth. Chapter Three is on The Queens, and it is here that we learn as much of the story of Margret the Adroit as can be pieced together. Norse women had to be strong, resolute, and determined to survive in their harsh environment, and Brown tells us their stories too, including Queen Gunnhild the Grim,who may well have been the model for the Lewis chess queens. Chapter Four deals with The Kings and gives more details on the combative monarchs who strove for power and encouraged exploration and trade. The Knights in the fifth chapter were not the warriors in shining armor the term invokes for us today. These knights rode small horses or ponies and wore a variety of gear and weaponry. The Lewis knights display a wide range of helmets, some with nose and ear guards and others without, while some seem to wear precursors of the modern bowler. It is in this chapter that Brown relates the many stories of how the Lewis chessmen came to be discovered, for as with so much else to do with them, there are disputes as to who found them and where. The Pawns are the least elaborately carved of the chessmen and thus they are relegated to the Acknowledgements.This is a rich and fascinating history which focusses on an often overlooked or neglected region and reveals its complex and wonderful history. We may never know whether Margret the Adroit was indeed the chessmen's carver, but we now know much more about her and about the society from which she sprang.

I used to play chess a lot, I was a 1400 level (average) woodpusher in a chess club. Always interested in the Lewis chessmen, I decided to buy this book before I buy a replica set. The originals are worth something like $1 million each, so $32 million for the set if a museum would sell them. Not bad for an $80 pound investment by the British Museum in London. I gave this book 4 stars. It is the only one I have on the Lewis chessmen although I have had a ton of chess books. I selected it because it was recently published compared to many others. The author makes a very compelling case for the creation of the set. Although most scholars agree they were made in the late 1100's due to their unique style, the ongoing question is where. The author make a very clear argument that they were carved in Iceland by a particular artist under a particular Bishop. However, older arguments have been made that they were carved in Trondheim, Norway. The reason I gave the book 4 not 5 stars is that it really gets involved in the Viking Age and the various Kings and Bishops of the North Sea area of the time. As Norway had conquered most of it, there is debate if certain areas ought be called 'Made in Norway' today even though that geographic location today would be Scotland, hence 'Made in Scotland' or 'Made in Iceland'. But there is an awful lot of historical detail in this book about those times, hence the removal of a star. The author is clear to state that this is a theory, albiet backed up by a lot of both inductive and deductive reasoning; yet the other explainations of the creation of the Lewis chessmen are theoritical also, which much less backup. Hence the competing theories are much like a chess game. On the side of Trondheim, Norway the British Museum is the King and the Scottish Museum the Queen as both have some of the Lewis chessmen within. On the other side of the board are several non-institutionally aligned pieces such as this author who play out the game in a magnificient style worthy of Bobby Fischer himself at Reykjavik.

Whether one agrees with the author’s premise or not, seems a well researched and interesting book.

It's veritable history of Norway and Iceland, wrapped up in the telling of carving chess pieces. Fascinating in many places but there are so many rulers and chiefs and their wives and cousins and friends' names in the book that sometimes it becomes a whirl of "who is that again?" If you're interested in the famous Lewis chess set this is a must read. Well done.

This work was a very interesting read… I had a hard time putting it down… While some details seemed to stray a bit from the thesis, it was still a very captivating examination of the possible origins of these amazing chess pieces… I believe the finer pieces were in fact made by Margret of Skalholt…

I learned more about Iceland, sagas, walruses and Viking history than I ever thought possible.Always interesting if a little repetitive. A great discovery of a book!

I don't want to misrepresent things. The book is full of good information, it's easy to read (no weird academese constructions, and such), but it's a book on Viking Chess, it's a pretty specific field, by and large, one does not stumble on by chance. Maybe one who reaches it has already read some basics on the history of Vikings.That's a bit jarring, if your quality time is short, because you don't dare skip sections in case there's a nugget of gold (or ivory, here)... and there are. The book's good, though, no question about it.

Fascinating story about chess pieces found in beach sands on the Isle of Lewis (Scotland), with a long historical trail of discovery leading to Iceland. Some parts of the book seem quite technical if you're not a professional historian, (I'm not a pro and found some parts difficult). We'll need to see what the historians come up with next...

Loved the story. A very unique and special chess set made a very long time ago. If you are a chess fan at all you will adore this story!

Nancy Brown's work is thorough and fascinating. She is clearly knowledgeable but also enthusiastic about her topic. Some photos of the existing Lewis chessmen, even in black and white, would have really supported her readers' interests and acted as good reference points for them.